Category: Health & Medical

Task this week is to review the most recent (2010) set of Ethical Principles of

Task this week is to review the most recent (2010) set of Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct published by the American Psychological Association. The purpose of this assignment is to help you understand (1) the general ethical principles underlying specific guidelines pertaining to assessment, and (2) behaviors that exemplify good and poor ethical practices with regard to assessment. Begin by reading through the five General Principles:
Beneficence and Nonmaleficence
Fidelity and Responsibility
Integrity
Justice
Respect for People’s Rights and Dignity
Once you have completed your review, complete the following chart related to each assessment of the Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct by writing a statement that captures each issue in the context of the General Principles. Then you will need to identify a specific behavior that exemplifies a good practice as well as a specific behavior that exemplifies poor practice regarding each issue:
Bases for Assessment
Use of Assessments
Informed Consent in Assessments
Release of Test Data
Test Construction
Interpreting Assessment Results
Assessment by Unqualified Persons
Obsolete Tests and Outdated Test Results
Test Scoring and Interpretation Services
Explaining Assessment Results
Maintaining Test Security
chart
Length: 5-7 pages
Your paper should demonstrate thoughtful consideration of the ideas and concepts presented in the course by providing new thoughts and insights relating directly to this topic. Your response should reflect scholarly writing and current

Please provide an answer that is 100% original and do not copy the answer to thi

Please provide an answer that is 100% original and do not copy the answer to this question from any other website since I am already well aware of this. I will be sure to check this.
Please be sure that the answer comes up with way less than 18% on Studypool’s internal plagiarism checker since anything above this is not acceptable according to Studypool’s standards. I will not accept answers that are above this standard.
No AI or Chatbot! I will be sure to check this.
Discussion 1
Explain the biological (genetic and neuroscientific); psychological (behavioral and cognitive processes, emotional, developmental); and social, cultural, and interpersonal factors that influence the development of psychopathology.
Explain the implications of why, as an advanced practice nurse, it is important to adopt a multidimensional, integrative model of psychopathology.
Discussion 2
Post a brief explanation of three important components of the psychiatric interview and why you consider these elements important. Explain the psychometric properties of the rating scale you were assigned. Explain when it is appropriate to use this rating scale with clients during the psychiatric interview and how the scale is helpful to a nurse practitioner’s psychiatric assessment. Support your approach with evidence-based literature.
Requirements: 3 Paragraphs Each At Least Times New Roman Size 12 Font Double-Spaced APA Format Excluding the Title and Reference Pages
Please provide an answer that is 100% original and do not copy the answer to this question from any other website since I am already well aware of this. I will be sure to check this.
Please be sure that the answer comes up with way less than 18% on Studypool’s internal plagiarism checker since anything above this is not acceptable according to Studypool’s standards. I will not accept answers that are above this standard.
No AI or Chatbot! I will be sure to check this.
Please be sure to carefully follow the instructions.
No plagiarism & No Course Hero & No Chegg. The assignment will be checked for originality via the Turnitin plagiarism tool.
Please be sure to include to include at least one in-text citation in each paragraph.
Please be sure to use credible or scholarly sources published within the last 5 years.

**Introduction after that the following Definition Characteristics/Nature of

**Introduction after that the following
Definition
Characteristics/Nature of Attitude
Formation and Development of Attitude
Behavior and Attitude
Attitudinal Change
Factors Affecting
Attitudinal Change
Psychometric Assessment of Attitudes
Attitude during Health and Illness
Implications of Attitude
Reference
(source were cited properly with APA style included 3 reference and the doctor wil look for content which I mentioned above)
organization (assignment with cover page ,font of 12 times new roman ) space in 1.5between lines margin on .
– quality-( main points wel developed creatively with high supporting details like adding examples ,pictures and graphs ( more than 3 details)
information-language-plagiarism-please do not copy and you can rephrase the sentence
I need also cover page in the beginning with the topic and my name is asma alsuliman and date Course name is psychology (psyc310)

Read the following 4 case studies and respond to the prompts included with each

Read the following 4 case studies and respond to the prompts included with each one.
Case Study 1
Charlotte visited her provider for a cough, congestion, and a sinus-type headache. The provider assigned the diagnosis code J01.90 (Acute Sinusitis) for the entire claim. The visit was coded with two procedure codes. The first one was level 3 E/M, 99213 modifier 25 and the second was a B12 injection J3420, due to Charlotte’s pernicious anemia. Charlotte was given the injection on this day, so she did not have to come back in for her regularly scheduled appointment, which was in only two days. The claim was created and submitted to the insurance company the next day.
When the remittance advice was received, office visit 99213 was paid, but the B12 injection was denied. The denial was coded as follows: Claim Adjustment Group Code (CAGC) CO and Claim Adjustment Reason Code (CARC) 50.
Respond to the following in approximately 175–350 words total:
1. What is CAGC CO?
This group code indicates adjustments made in a payer-provider contract, typically for allowed amounts, and CO adjustments are not billable to patients under the contract.
2. What is CARC 50?
The services are not covered by the payer as they are not considered medically necessary.
3. As the medical biller/coder, what would be your next steps? Why might the B12 injection have been denied? If necessary, how would you correct the claim?
The insurance company has determined that they will not cover the cost of the B12 injection, citing their guidelines which do not classify it as medically necessary. Consequently, Charlotte’s healthcare provider may need to appeal this decision or furnish more detailed information to demonstrate the necessity of the B12 injection for her specific medical condition. In support of this process, it is advisable to use the diagnosis code D51.0, which corresponds to pernicious anemia, a condition that could potentially justify the need for B12 supplementation. This code and additional clinical justification could help in overturning the insurance company’s decision.
Case Study 2
You are working in the billing department for a clinic when a patient calls, asking why she was sent a bill for $120. She explains it was her understanding she only had a $30 copay and does not understand why she now owes more. She has her Explanation of Benefits but does not understand it. She asks a series of questions.
You review the patient’s verification of benefits and the claim information. You note the following:
The patient has an office visit copay of $30. 
The patient has a deductible of $500, with $400 previously met.
The patient used an in-network provider, and the plan pays 80% while the patient pays 20%.
The explanation of benefits is shown below:
Claim Number
Date of Service
Patient Name
Service Description
Amount Charged
Allowed Amount
Plan Discount
Patient Copay
Deductible
Coinsurance
Patient Responsibility
Plan Paid
40512
10/5/23
Alexis Hughes
Established office
200
125
75
30
0
0
30
95
40512
10/5/23
Alexis Hughes
Chest X-ray 71045
400
200
200
0
100
20
120
80
Total: 275
Total: 30
Total: 100
Total: 20
Total: 150
Total: 175
Respond to the following in approximately 175–350 words total:
1. What is meant by a plan discount?
A plan discount refers to the reduced rates negotiated between an insurer and a healthcare provider.
2. Does the patient have to pay the difference between the amount charged and the allowed amount?
The patient inquired about her bill, which reflected charges exceeding her $30 copay. The Explanation of Benefits (EOB)it outlines the breakdown of costs in line with the health insurance policy’s terms. In this case, the patient was billed an extra amount because she had a remaining deductible of $100, calculated from her $500 total deductible minus the $400 she had already paid.
3. If the patient has 20% coinsurance, why does she have to pay $120 for the chest X-ray? Explain in detail.
The insurance covers 80% of the bill, leaving the patient to pay the remaining 20% which is $120.
Case Study 3
You are reviewing the aging report for your office and discover a claim that has been outstanding for 65 days. The patient has insurance through Blue Cross Blue Shield, so you check the claim status online to determine if there is a problem with the claim and notice that the claim has been through adjudication. The claim was denied for reason code PR 27.
Identify the reason code and explain, in 175–350 words, what your next steps would be in the claims follow-up process.
PR 27 is a common reason for insurance company denials, often arising from expenses incurred after a patient’s policy was terminated or was not in force. To successfully appeal such denials, it is crucial to verify the coverage dates and provide proof that the insurance was active at the time the expenses were incurred. If the denial is based on issues of medical necessity or policy exclusions, it is important to seek clarification or correction from the insurance provider. In situations involving complex regulatory changes, it is advisable to consult with experts to ensure compliance, thereby avoiding delays in claim processing and potential legal complications.
Case Study 4
Imagine that you are working as the manager of the collection department. Patient account balances are turned over to your department to manage after they have been unpaid for 31 days. You have several new employees and need to explain to them what their responsibilities will be in the department.
Write a 350- to 525-word summary of when to send out additional statements, how to approach collection phone calls and set up payment plans, and when to send the patient to a collection agency.
New employees in the collections department are responsible for managing overdue patient account balances, a task that involves multiple steps to ensure efficient and empathetic debt recovery. This includes sending out regular statements to keep patients informed about their outstanding balances, making collection calls to remind patients of their dues, negotiating payment plans that take into account the patient’s financial situation, and, as a last resort, referring accounts to collection agencies after 90-120 days of non-payment. As the manager of the collection department, your primary responsibilities will center around overseeing patient account balances that are 31 days overdue. You must ensure that new employees are well-versed in the detailed process of collecting unpaid balances, which encompasses deciding the appropriate intervals for sending additional statements, conducting effective yet empathetic collection calls, establishing viable payment plans, and determining the right time to refer an account to a collection agency.
To maintain clear communication, regular statements should be mailed out on a monthly basis, ensuring that patients are continuously informed of their outstanding balances. If a payment is missed following the due date of the first statement, it’s crucial to initiate collection phone calls promptly. These calls should be conducted with a balance of compassion and professionalism, aiming to negotiate payment plans that accommodate the patient’s financial circumstances. This approach helps in building trust and increasing the likelihood of debt recovery while minimizing conflict.
Referring a patient to a collection agency should be a measure of last resort, considered only after multiple internal attempts to collect the debt have been exhausted, typically after a period of 90-120 days of non-payment. Before reaching this stage, every effort should be made to communicate with the patient and establish a mutually agreeable payment schedule. Such efforts demonstrate the organization’s commitment to working with patients to resolve their debts amicably.
Throughout the entire collection process, maintaining clear and consistent communication with patients is paramount. Every interaction should be handled with the utmost professionalism to achieve the dual goals of collecting the owed amounts and preserving patient relationships. This approach not only aids in smoothing the collection process but also helps uphold the organization’s reputation, ensuring that patients feel respected and valued even in challenging financial situations.

Requirements : Your presentation should include or discuss the following: Hook

Requirements :
Your presentation should include or discuss the following:
Hook
Introduction: background, lay the foundationDefine or frame the topic, describe the technology
Status: What led to it? How did it start? Where is it now?
Examples/case scenarios/statistics
Argument for BOTH sidesReasons and evidence FOR it (agree)
Reasons and evidence AGAINST it (disagree)
Conclusion: personal opinions, future implications
References
Time limit: 10 minutes max (2-min warning will be provided)
Format: PowerPoint presentation
NO GRAMMAR/SPELLING MISTAKES

507 class Amanda Mayher Weiss (2018) discusses the need for the continuance of a

507 class
Amanda Mayher
Weiss (2018) discusses the need for the continuance of and adherence to the scientist-practitioner model within the field of behavior analysis in order to protect and advance the science. The concept of the scientist-practitioner model was initially known as the Boulder Model, which “emphasized the need to develop professionals grounded in science, trained in effective treatment methods, and committed to the identification and evolution of the filed through empirical research” (Weiss, 2018, p. 385). Weiss (2018) suggests that the behaviorist’s worldview guides everything that behaviorists do. A scientist makes logical decisions based upon their empirical findings; similarly, a behavior analyst uses evidence-based support to guide their logical decisions. Codes 1.01, 1.02, 2.09, and 6.02 support this claim. First, Code 1.01 states that behavior analysts rely on professionally derived knowledge that is based upon science and behavior analysis (Behavior Analyst Certification Board, 2014). Next, behavior analysts only provide services, teach, and conduct research within their boundaries of competency including their education, training, and supervision experiences. According to Weiss (2018), this section of the Code emphasizes the need to train the next generation of researchers as well as clinicians. Code 2.09 demonstrates the behavior analyst’s obligations regarding treatment/intervention efficacy. Treatment should be based upon empiricism and be individualized. Last, Code 6.02 states that the behavior analyst should make information available to the public through presentations, discussions, and other media (BACB, 2014). Weiss (2018) suggests that full implementation of dissemination would involve continuous presentation and publication of research efforts.
Behavior analysts may conduct research on interventions that may increase or decrease an individual’s behavior or when doing a Functional Analysis. Scientific evidence is gathered to determine which intervention may be most effective for specific behaviors. Analysts following the scientist-practitioner model will identify and describe how the independent variable (intervention) would impact the target behavior (dependent variable) forming a hypothesis. They would then choose a research design that would best demonstrate experimental control such as withdrawal and reversal designs. The A-B-A-B design allows for experimental control because the intervention can be repeated and withdrawn. Data is collected during both the baseline and intervention phases to determine if the intervention is effective.
References
Bailey, J.S., & Burch, M.R. (2016). Ethics for behavior analysts. (3rd ed.). New York: NY: Routledge.
Behavior Analyst Certification Board. (2014). Professional and ethical compliance code for behavior analysts. Retrieved from https://www.bacb.com/wp-content/uploads/BACB-Compliance-Code-english_190318.pdf.
Weiss, M. J. (2018). The concept of the scientist practitioner and its extension to behavior analysis. Education and Treatment of Children, 41(3), 385-394.
Gaylene Harvey:
In order to outline the commonalities of the scientist-practitioner model and applied behavior analysis, one must understand what the scientist-practitioner model is and how it works. The understanding of this term or model is simple, it is where one is trained to use the principles of science/scientific investigations, processes, and findings within their given field of practice (Masters, 2013). Just as a scientist would make logical decision based on their research findings with empirical support, so does a behavior analyst. Behavior analysts only use evidence-based (scientific) information to make their logical decisions on which intervention to use for each individual they work with as required by the Behavior Analysts Certification Board (BACB, 2014. Code 1.01).
Although most scientists research is usually conducted separately from practice (working within a particular field), within applied behavior analysis, it is combined together. An intervention is not developed without collecting evidence to support it. For instance, a common form of scientific research design is conducted prior or during a functional assessment/analysis. This research design is usually the A-B-A-B design, which allows for experimental control to be seen and identified. For example, there a several ways people cope with aggressive behavior, but to decrease or put it on extinction, the proper information needs to be collected (research). A way to identify the function of the aggressive behavior is to use a research design such as the A-B-A-B design (as long as it is safe for the individual and others). This design allows for (experimental) manipulation of independent variables such as adding or removing items or other individuals (changing the environment) to identify what may be the function of the aggressive behavior (dependent variable). Again, as long as it is safe to do so, repeat the process and collecting the data from both the base line and the intervention sessions will allow for evidence if the intervention is effective or ineffective, providing scientific evidence/information used for evaluation and the decision-making process. This information provides the evidence that is needed to make a sound and logical decision on which is the best intervention to use to reduce/decrease or to put on extinction the aggressive behavior. This research method also provides clear experimental control of the behavior, not only for the behavior analyst, but for others to see as well. Providing the required evidence needed to help promote the advancement and involvement of research within applied behavior analysis.
Another thing the scientist-practitioner model and applied behavior analysis have in common is the informed consent. Before a research can be conducted, an informed consent must be provided and explained in detail to the participant in a language in which they can understand. In behavior analysis, an informed consent must also be provided and explained, but it is not just provided to the individual prior to services, it is continuously provided periodically. For example, if an intervention needs to be changed in any way (either added to, take an element out, or a totally different intervention altogether). The BACB (2014) requires that an informed consent be obtained in more than one of the ethical codes provided. For instance, Code 3.05 Consent-Client Records and 9.03 Informed Consent (BABC, 2014). Behavior analysts are always conducting research in their practice (or should be) outside of what would/could be classified as a ‘normal research situation/scenario’, so the BACB (2014) requires that the participant and/or guardian(s) are informed in the purpose/nature of the research, their right to participate or withdraw, any significant factors, and questions they may have (BACB, 2014. Code 9.03). With that in mind, both the scientist-practitioner model and applied behavior analysis also debrief the individual/participant at the conclusion of their involvement (BABC, 2014. Code 9.05).
References
Behavior Analyst Certification Board. (2014). Professional and ethical compliance code for behavior analysts. Retrieved from https://www.bacb.com/wp-content/uploads/BACB-Compl…
Masters K.S. (2013) Scientist-Practitioner. In: Runehov A.L.C., Oviedo L. (eds) Encyclopedia of Sciences and Religions. Springer, D
Class 517
Rose Dubois
According to Mayer, Sulzer-Azaroff & Wallace (2014), the motivating operation (MO), is any antecedent that alters the value of the consequences and by the same way alter the behavior. The motivating operations (MOs) can increase or decrease the values of the consequences. Two terms can describe those setting events that can affect the behavior: the establishing operations and the abolishing operations. Cooper, Heron & Heward (2011), stated that the establishing operation (EO) refers to an increase of the reinforcing effectiveness of some stimulus following the manipulation of the environment. The setting events can decrease the reinforcing effects, and it refers in this case to the abolishing operations (AO).
The challenging behavior that I choose to increase is task refusal behavior maintaining by access to tangible such as videogame. In this situation, we consider two concepts satiation and deprivation. So, the videogame as a reinforcer to modify the target behavior depends on the satiation or the deprivation. In the case of satiation, the effectiveness of the videogame as reinforcer will not decrease the frequency of task refusal because the student was playing his favorite videogame, before starting working, so it creates an AO. In this situation, the frequency of the target behavior which is task refusal, maintaining by access to videogame increased, and the use of reinforcer is evocative of the task refusal; in other words, the videogame abates staying on-task behavior. The deprivation will increase the value of the reinforcers, so the use of the videogame as the reinforcer will reduce the frequency of the task refusal, the student does not access to the videogame before starting working, so in this situation an establishing operation (EO) is created, and the access to the videogame abates the task refusal, or in other words the use of videogame is evocative of staying on-task behavior.
So, in this situation where the goal is to decrease the frequency of task refusal, the best strategy identifies should consider a way to modify the environment to motivate the student to stay on task. As I described above, the establishing operation (MO) is the best in this case, so by creating deprivation, we increase the power of the reinforcers, and the student will follow the direction in order to access to the videogame.
IN this case, we will deliver the reinforcers for each occurrence on staying on task, that means following a FR 1.
Reference
Cooper, J.O., Heron, T. E., & Heward, W. L. (2007). Applied behavior analysis (2nd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education Inc.
Mayer, G. R., Sulzer-Azaroff, B., & Wallace, M. (2014). Behavior analysis for lasting change (3rd ed.). Cornwall-on-Hudson, NJ: Sloan Publishing.
Jessie Otten
According to the authors, a motivating operation is an event that happen before a behavior or activity alter the behavior of the individual or alter the consequence that would have been given. Establishing operations are very similar to the motivating operations. The authors have the establishing operation under the same definition as the motivating operation. The results of these operations can increase or decrease in the punishment or reinforcer of the behavior (Mayer, Sulzer-Azaroff, & Wallace, 2014). An antecedent control is the manipulation of an environment in order to acquire the desired results or response in order to lessen the occurrence of a competing response (Mayer et al., 2014). A challenging behavior that could be altered or changed with the use of an antecedent control would be a young child who throws tantrums in order to gain or obtain something that they want. The motivating operation would be when the young child is at the store with their parents. They see something they that want, the parents tell the young child no. The young child continues to ask, the parents continue to say no and move on. The young child then begins to scream, cry, yell, throw their arms in air hitting items and people, kicking their legs back and forth, or throwing themselves on the ground if they are walking and not riding in the shopping cart. The parents haven given into the child before so they child would stop the tantrum. The parents would be able to lessen or abate this behavior if they talk to the child about what they are going to the store for, social stories, or other reinforcers if the child is able to make it through the store without a tantrum because they haven’t gotten something they wanted. Some ways that the parents can evocate the tantrum behavior would be to have items that the child might ask for while in the store at their disposal. The parents would then inform the child that if they behavior while in the store and not have a tantrum because they want something, then they can have a preferred item when they have left the store. This would allow the child to know what is expected of them in order to obtain the preferred item. This would also abate the tantrum behavior while in the store.
These can be used in an intervention setting by allowing the client to know what is expected of them and what can be a reward if they are able to accomplish everything that is expected of them. This can also be used with someone in order to have them correctly say or identify an item. They will know that once they have correctly identified the item, they will receive a preferred reward. This can be altered to fit the individual. So, every item, every second, third, fourth, and so on. The individual would be able to determine the pattern and try hard enough to accomplish the preferred number to receive the preferred item. If the individual was unable to meet the criteria or expectations, then they would not receive the preferred reinforcer at that time but would be able to start over to attempt to earn the preferred reinforcer once they have been made aware what is expected or needed in order to obtain the preferred reinforcer.
Reference
Mayer, G. R., Sulzer-Azaroff, B., & Wallace, M. (2014). Behavior Analysis for Lasting Change (Third ed.).Cornwall-on-Hudson, NY: Sloan Publishing.