Category: History

In this assignment you will describe English imperialism in America and in Asia.

In this assignment you will describe English imperialism in America and in Asia. You will show how the English established settlements in America and in Asia. This assignment will give you an insight into English imperialism and the voyages of expansion. You will use text especially chapters 2 and 4, supplementary materials and videos in this assignment, you will feel the excitement and profit from the English imperialism in America and in Asia.
PORTUGAL IMPERIALISM IN ASIA
Portugal’s imperialism in Asia, beginning in the early 16th century, was a significant chapter in the broader history of European expansion. The Portuguese were among the first European powers to establish a presence in Asia, driven by the desire for spices, precious metals, and other exotic goods, as well as religious motives. Their imperial activities in Asia set the stage for later European colonization and played a critical role in shaping global trade networks.
Early Exploration and Establishment of Trading Posts
Portugal’s exploration of the East was led by figures like Prince Henry the Navigator, and later Vasco da Gama’s successful voyage to India in 1498 opened the door to Asia. With superior navigational techniques and advanced ships, the Portuguese were able to establish trading posts along the coasts of India, Southeast Asia, and China. These ports, such as Goa (1510), Malacca (1511), and Macau (1557), became strategic hubs for the spice trade, which was highly profitable in Europe.
The Portuguese didn’t aim to conquer large territories in Asia. Instead, they established a series of fortresses and trading posts along key maritime routes. Their goal was to control trade rather than rule vast lands. Goa became the administrative center of their Asian empire, and they exerted influence over the Indian Ocean by controlling the sea lanes and imposing taxes on merchant ships.
Commercial Motivations and Monopoly of the Spice Trade
The Portuguese imperial strategy in Asia was deeply tied to economic motivations, particularly the lucrative spice trade. Before the Portuguese arrived, spices like cinnamon, cloves, and pepper were traded through complex networks controlled by Arab, Indian, and Southeast Asian traders. Portugal sought to bypass these middlemen and establish a direct trade route between Europe and the spice-producing regions.
By controlling key ports and sea routes, the Portuguese attempted to monopolize the spice trade. Their naval superiority allowed them to impose a cartaz system, where Asian merchants had to buy a permit to trade. Those who refused faced naval blockades or attacks. This control over the spice trade generated immense wealth for Portugal but also led to conflicts with other powers, including the Ottoman Empire, which sought to maintain control over Middle Eastern trade routes, and indigenous rulers, who were wary of foreign interference.
Religious and Cultural Impact
In addition to economic interests, religion played a significant role in Portuguese imperialism. Portugal, a staunchly Catholic country, saw itself as a defender of Christendom and sought to spread Christianity in the lands it reached. Missionary efforts, particularly by the Jesuits, were central to the Portuguese presence in Asia. In Goa, for example, Christian missionaries worked to convert the local population, and Portuguese authorities even imposed European cultural practices on the local elite.
Perhaps the most successful missionary effort occurred in Japan, where Jesuits, including St. Francis Xavier, converted thousands of Japanese to Christianity in the mid-16th century. However, this influence was short-lived as local rulers became suspicious of Portuguese intentions and eventually expelled foreign missionaries.
Decline of Portuguese Power in Asia
Despite their initial success, Portuguese power in Asia began to decline by the late 16th century. Several factors contributed to this. First, Portugal lacked the resources and manpower to maintain its vast empire. Its focus on controlling key trading ports rather than large territories left it vulnerable to local resistance and competition from emerging European powers.
The union of the Portuguese and Spanish crowns in 1580 weakened Portugal’s ability to defend its Asian empire, as Spain was more focused on its American colonies. Meanwhile, the Dutch and English began to challenge Portuguese control of Asian trade routes in the early 17th century. The Dutch East India Company and the British East India Company rapidly expanded their presence in Asia, using military force and strategic alliances to take over Portuguese-controlled ports and trade routes.
By the mid-17th century, Portugal had lost many of its key Asian outposts to the Dutch, and its influence in Asia waned significantly. However, it retained control of Goa and Macau until much later, with Macau remaining a Portuguese territory until 1999.
Legacy of Portuguese Imperialism in Asia
The legacy of Portuguese imperialism in Asia is complex. Economically, the Portuguese contributed to the globalization of trade and introduced European goods, ideas, and technologies to Asia. Culturally, Portuguese influence can still be seen in places like Goa, where Catholicism and Portuguese architecture have left a lasting imprint.
However, Portuguese imperialism also had negative consequences. The Portuguese often imposed harsh trading terms on local populations, and their missionary efforts sometimes led to violent confrontations with indigenous peoples. Moreover, the Portuguese imperial project in Asia helped pave the way for later European colonialism, particularly by the Dutch and British, who would establish much larger empires in the region.
Portugal’s imperialism in Asia was a pioneering venture that reshaped global trade networks and left a lasting impact on the region. Through its early control of key maritime routes and trading posts, Portugal established itself as a dominant force in the spice trade. However, the limitations of Portugal’s resources, combined with the rise of other European powers, led to the decline of its Asian empire. Despite this, the legacy of Portuguese imperialism continues to be felt, particularly in regions like Goa and Macau, where the fusion of Portuguese and Asian cultures remains evident today.
DUTCH COLONIZATION IN ASIA
The Dutch colonization in Asia primarily centered around their control of trade routes and key territories, particularly during the 17th and 18th centuries, as part of the larger European colonial expansions. Here are the key elements:
Dutch East India Company (VOC)
Foundation: The Dutch East India Company, known as the Verenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie (VOC), was established in 1602 and became the leading Dutch organization for trade and colonization in Asia.
Trade Monopoly: The VOC was granted a trade monopoly in Asia by the Dutch government, enabling it to dominate trade in spices, textiles, and other valuable goods.
Corporate Powers: It had the authority to sign treaties, build forts, and even wage wars, making it a powerful colonial entity.
Key Colonies and Regions of Influence
Indonesia (Dutch East Indies):Importance: The Dutch colonized parts of what is now Indonesia, making it the crown jewel of their colonial empire in Asia.
Spice Islands (Maluku Islands): Control of the Spice Islands (present-day Maluku) was a major goal due to the lucrative trade in cloves, nutmeg, and mace.
Batavia (Jakarta): The Dutch established Batavia (modern-day Jakarta) in 1619 as the center of their operations, which became a vital hub for the VOC in Asia.
Ceylon (Sri Lanka):The Dutch took control of Ceylon from the Portuguese in 1656 and maintained it until the British took over in 1796. The island was significant for its cinnamon production.
India:The Dutch established several trading posts in India, including in Surat, Pulicat, and Negapatam. However, their influence in India diminished as the British and French strengthened their control over the region.
Taiwan (Formosa):The Dutch briefly controlled parts of Taiwan between 1624 and 1662, using it as a trading post for commerce with China and Japan.
Japan:The Dutch were the only Europeans allowed to trade with Japan during the Tokugawa Shogunate’s period of isolation (Sakoku). Dutch merchants were confined to the island of Dejima in Nagasaki harbor.
Methods of Control and Trade
Indirect Rule and Alliances: The Dutch often formed alliances with local rulers, especially in Indonesia, allowing them to control trade while leaving much of the local administration in place.
Trade over Territory: Unlike other colonial powers, the Dutch were primarily focused on controlling trade routes and commodities rather than outright land conquest.
Enslavement and Forced Labor: The VOC used forced labor, particularly in the production of valuable goods such as spices, coffee, and sugar.
Decline
The VOC began to decline in the 18th century due to corruption, mismanagement, and increased competition from the British and French.
In 1799, the Dutch government took over the VOC’s territories and debts, leading to the formal establishment of the Dutch East Indies as a colonial state.
Lasting Impacts
Cultural Influence: Dutch colonization left a legacy of language, architecture, and legal systems, particularly in Indonesia.
Economic Exploitation: The Dutch extracted vast wealth from their Asian colonies, often at the expense of the local populations, through forced labor and monopoly control over trade.
Dutch colonization in Asia was primarily driven by economic interests and had profound effects on the regions under their control, particularly in Indonesia.

1. In your own words, explain how the religious and political views of Mesopotam

1. In your own words, explain how the religious and political views of Mesopotamia and Egypt were different. (Use historical evidence to support your answer. 250 word minimum.)

http://www.fsmitha.com/h1/ch02.htm
2. Formulate your own original answer to the following prompt:
In your own words, analyze how Empress Wu would be evaluated by Confucian scholars, based on her reign (500 word minimum).
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1XgPQSiM6NN-4qV-_0G91Eermp5sQlTbi/view

3. In your own words, respond to the prompt:
How was India impacted by other regions of Afro-Eurasia, and how did it impact them? (Use historical evidence to support your answer. 250 word minimum.)
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1XgPQSiM6NN-4qV-_0G91Eermp5sQlTbi/view

Just follow the link I attached. Thank you!

Click the “Midterm Exam” link above. From there, locate and download the attache

Click the “Midterm Exam” link above. From there, locate and download the attached exam file, complete the exam, and then upload it to this drop box. You can also look at the menu at the top … locate “Course Activities” and click it – then select “Assignments” – then select “Midterm Exam”
Here are some important guidelines:
We have nearly arrived at the halfway point. Well done! Please remember, of course, that your midterm exam is due on October 16 by 11:59 PM. First, a few reminders:
Use only the materials available for the class to complete the exam. I implore you not to try to search for the answers online. That’s not going to lead you to the answers I’m looking for. Look in our course materials (your notes, the textbook, the documents, the videos, your previous discussions, and the other book) instead.
Before the exam, take some time to review the “tips for historical progressions” module on D2L (found under the midterm and final shortcut page). It’s important that you understand completely what you’re supposed to do in that portion.
Carefully read all of the instructions before completing each section. (Lots of people misread the purpose of section 1 … you’re explaining what happened because of the events or issues in that section. You’re not defining the events.)
Do NOT plagiarize. It isn’t worth it. Review the academic integrity module for details regarding plagiarism.
Finally, please don’t wait until Oct. 16 to begin. That’s probably not enough time to figure everything out and do well on this exam. It’s open from the first day, so look at it now!
You’ll need to be in class working on this on the day of the exam. If you’re already finished before then, you’ll have to come by and sign in before you leave.

DO NOT USE ANY FORM OF AI-8 PAGES How has China’s approach to globalizing the in

DO NOT USE ANY FORM OF AI-8 PAGES
How has China’s approach to globalizing the internet, particularly through initiatives such as cyber sovereignty and the Belt and Road Initiative, influenced its position in global communication and governance? In what ways does China’s strategy challenge traditional geopolitical frameworks, and what implications does this have for the global digital capitalist system, particularly in light of its increasing influence over 5G networks, the Internet of Things, and smart city systems? Discuss the role of state–capital dynamics, international cooperation, and technological advancements in shaping China’s global digital presence.

This discussion assignment is a discussion and evaluation of four Egyptian Pharo

This discussion assignment is a discussion and evaluation of four Egyptian Pharoahs. You are to pick ONE of these pharoahs and describe what they accomplished as a pharoah during their ruling period. You are to use the text, supplementary material, and video .Choose one of these Pharoahs: Narmer, Djoser, Cheops or Khafre. You are to use the text, supplementary in the module and the video information. This assignment will give you insights into the life of times of your chosen pharoah. You will have detailed comments on your pharoah dexcribe and you will now have insights in toe leadership qualities of your chosen pharoah and the various struggles of this pharoah. These four were clearly among the key pharoahs of ancieent Egypt.

To help you think about what History is all about at the start of this class, yo

To help you think about what History is all about at the start of this class, you will need to complete the following assignment, but it is not based on any of the course readings or other assignments, so you can start working on it right away. At the end of the semester, you will write a related paper, Second Reflective Paper, which will demonstrate what you now think History is about and how your understanding of the nature and practice of History has developed throughout this course.
In this assignment, write an informal statement explaining what “history” is and why it is worthwhile to research and write history. The activity provides an initial self-assessment of what you already know about the issues involved in historical interpretation, and so it supports the course outcome to cultivate an identity as a historian. This paper should be 450-550 words in length (2-3 pages). Each paragraph must have a topic sentence.
Since the statement is informal, you may include your own opinions. It is not necessary to conduct research into course materials or other sources. Citations are only required if you put forth an idea or supporting information that is not your own. If citations (footnotes and bibliography) are provided, they must be consistent with each other and as close to Chicago Citation Style as possible. The statement must be as mechanically perfect as you can manage: excellent spelling and grammar, no run-on sentences, no subject/verb disagreements, correct use of punctuation. Use active voice.
Based on your own knowledge and opinions now (at the start of the course), answer the following questions in a two to three page paper (the minimum length is two full pages and the maximum length is three full pages, no more, no less). The question to address in your paper has three parts to answer:
How do you define History?
Why is it important to study history
What would you like to do professionally as a historian and why that professional path?
To help you think about why others have become historians check out Why Study History
Base your answer on your current views rather than the readings. It is not necessary to conduct research into the course materials or other sources – do not start any of the reading assignments for Week One until you have completed this assignment. Citations are only required if you put forth an idea or supporting information that is not your own original idea.
A few things to do in terms of style for your paper:
double space your paper
indent the first line of each paragraph; you do not need an extra space in between each paragraph
paragraphs should be between four and eight or nine sentences long (no shorter than four sentences or longer than nine sentences)
use proper spelling and grammar
use essay form with a thesis and a conclusion paragraph
Your paper will be graded on your ability to address these three questions in a coherent essay. Spelling, grammar, and general clarity are part of the grade as you should start working on presenting your ideas as a student in a clear and professional way. Please see the grading rubric attached to this assignment for details.

Read and discuss the stories of Tullia and Lucretia as found in Livy’s History o

Read and discuss the stories of Tullia and Lucretia as found in Livy’s History of Rome. Keep in mind that the stories may be partially, probably entirely fictional. Their importance lies not in the facts they purport to recount but as illustrations of Roman values. Explain how the the stories of Tullia and Lucretia exemplify the positive and negative characteristics of Roman women (at least as Livy saw them). How did Tullia’s and Lucretia’s virtue/vice affect the actions (good and bad) of the men around them?
task for this week’s discussion is to read the required resources. You must then respond to ONE of the questions. This is called your INITIAL POST. Click the blue Start a New Thread button to post your response. Your Initial Post is due by the fourth day of the academic week at 11:59 pm ET. Your Initial Post is worth 30 points and should be 250 words in length, which is equal to about 1 page of double-spaced writing in Arial, Calibri, or Times New Roman 12 point font in a Word document.