Read the summary for at least FOUR other Case Studies (other than yours), and po
Read the summary for at least FOUR other Case Studies (other than yours), and post a comment for each. That is FOUR total comment posts, Include a heading with the name of the person and the Case Study to whom/which you are responding. Your comments should be positive, thoughtful, and demonstrate that you read your classmate’s summary. To DEMONSTRATE that you have read the summary, refer to specific items in your comments. Address the person and topic to whom/which you were responding.
PAULINA S.
2.Could this type of research be conducted today? Why or why not?
No because there are now laws and regulations in place to prevent such experiments. The Tuskegee study was cruel and lied to its participants; the researchers lied about the purpose of the study. They also had a conflict of interest because the main purpose was to see how severe syphilis developed if left untreated; this idea did not have the participants’ best interest and they deliberately allowed people to suffer. They were not attempting to relieve symptoms or make participants feel better. They also misled others by saying that spinal taps were “treatments” when it was untrue.
Taking into account inflation over a period of thirty years, the settlement of $37,500 would now be around $150,000; the $16,000 settlement would now be $75,000; the $15,000 would be $60,000; and, the $5,000 settlement would be $20,000. Was this a fair settlement? Why or why not?
I don’t think so because these so-called researchers were dealing with people’s lives and completely lied to them. The penalty, in my opinion, should be much greater. With the cost of rising healthcare costs, these amounts are not very much when it comes to things like medications or surgeries.
What should the public have done, since they knew about the study?
From the article, I am assuming the ones that really did know where only those that worked in the CDC or knew of the research because if everyone knew then, wouldn’t the public have been outraged much sooner and the experiment stopped?
Many scientists believe that using data from this type of experiment indirectly condones the experiments. Others believe that the suffering should not be in vain and, thus, be used for the good of others. In your opinion, how should the data be used that is obtained from an unethical experiment and how can we prevent this from happening again?
The only thing that should be pondered is how this experiment played out. Why were only black men chosen for the experiment? Why were the researchers not forthcoming with all the details? If anything, this was a cruel, unethical human experiment. I don’t see what “good” can come from using data from this experiment. To avoid such experiments in the future, all researchers must be forthcoming with the purpose of the research study, have equal amounts of people in both the trail and control groups, and select participants randomly. The experiment should have some sort of medication or therapeutic treatment that it is trying to test and those in the trail group should be receiving it only if they have signed a consent form.
What is the source of the article you found (web address)?
Public Health Service Study of Untreated Syphilis at Tuskegee and Macon County, AL | David J. Sencer CDC Museum | CDCLinks to an external site.
Public Health Service Study of Untreated Syphilis at Tuskegee and Macon County, AL | David J. Sencer CDC Museum | CDCLinks to an external site.
What is the “Tuskegee Effect”?
It is when black people do not see a doctor for a condition they have and less likely to seek medical treatment than other minorities.
What did you learn from this article about how the “Tuskegee Effect” is influencing health care now?
That the study/experiment was supposed to last 6 months but instead ended up lasting up to 40 years! And because of this unethical experiment, the Belmont Report was created. This report is a comprehensive document with standards of research to protect participants from unethical practices.
In your opinion, how can the health care community reverse the “Tuskegee Effect”?
By being upfront with all the details in the study and not keeping anything from the participants, getting consent forms signed and not just announce that you’re running a trial without actually testing something to see if it will be helpful for someone.
NATALIYA R.
Could this type of research be conducted today? Why or why not? This specific type of research in this time I do not think so however, they were researching the venereal disease which is still being researched today. There are different types of diseases and viruses being researched. One of them is COVID-19.
Taking into account inflation over a period of thirty years, the settlement of $37,500 would now be around $150,000; the $16,000 settlement would now be $75,000; the $15,000 would be $60,000; and, the $5,000 settlement would be $20,000. Was this a fair settlement? Why or why not? In my opinion, no money can bring a person back to life so I don’t think any amount will justify to the family because they lost their loved ones.
What should the public have done, since they knew about the study? In the book, it says that the project wasn’t a secret and was published in many medical journals. The public should speak about it and testify against this project. I’m also wondering did the public know about the patients that were infected did the public know that patients didn’t know what the purpose it was for and they were not notified?
Many scientists believe that using data from this type of experiment indirectly condones the experiments. Others believe that the suffering should not be in vain and, thus, be used for the good of others. In your opinion, how should the data be used that is obtained from an unethical experiment and how can we prevent this from happening again? In my opinion, I would not use the data because it could be inaccurate as well as they did not have the patient’s consent. There was already a treatment for syphilis which was penicillin and the project did not use that treatment.
What is the source of the article you found (web address)?
https://news.yahoo.com/health-disparities-persist-tuskegee-50-030108405.html?fr=sycsrp_catchallLinks to an external site.
What is the “Tuskegee Effect”?
According to Yahoo News the Tuskegee effect was “Fifty years after officials halted one of the most unethical public health studies in United States history, the societal effects of the Tuskegee Syphilis Study and the health injustices it represents remain prevalent in the area, according to new research from Tulane University and Auburn University”
What did you learn from this article about how the “Tuskegee Effect” is influencing health care now? One thing that I learned from the news is that “ the doctors in Tuskegee opted not to provide effective care to the participants, instead watching them suffer from severe side effects from their untreated infection to track syphilis’ progression to death.”
In your opinion, how can the health care community reverse the “Tuskegee Effect”? The healthcare community can reverse the “Tuskegee Effect by taking it as a lesson on how unjustified and unethical this project was and making sure to have the patient consent on starting any testing or anything like that. The patient should have information about the testing.
AMINA A.
Could this type of research be conducted today? Why or why not?
Research done the exact way in the Tuskegee Effect case can not be conducted but there are clinical trials that can only be conducted with the patient’s permission and can be stopped at any time by the patient. Under “Ethics of the Biomedical Researcher” on page 266 in the textbook, it says that consent is required before testing takes place. All risks must be implied before the patient gives consent as well so they are aware.
Taking into account inflation over a period of thirty years, the settlement of $37,500 would now be around $150,000; the $16,000 settlement would now be $75,000; the $15,000 would be $60,000; and, the $5,000 settlement would be $20,000. Was this a fair settlement? Why or why not?
Being that inflation was a lot lower during the case I think it was a fair settlement. I feel that this would be a better settlement back during the year it happened rather than now.
What should the public have done, since they knew about the study?
Several things could have been done to prevent this by the public that was aware of the study. In society today people use protests and do their best to be heard about anything that they disagree with. If the public disagreed with this study and wanted to do something to prevent it protests of awareness are one thing that could have been done.
Many scientists believe that using data from this type of experiment indirectly condones the experiments. Others believe that the suffering should not be in vain and, thus, be used for the good of others. In your opinion, how should the data be used that is obtained from an unethical experiment and how can we prevent this from happening again?
I think the data from the unethical experiment shouldn’t be used as I also feel that using the data from this experiment condones the experiments. I believe that clinical trials should be the only data to use as they allow patients to give consent and recognize the risks.
Search the internet for “Tuskegee Effect” and find a recent news story (within the last two years – don’t use an opinion piece) that discusses this term.
Number and write out each of the following four questions, and include your answer to each question.
What is the source of the article you found (web address)?
Dr. Newland’s Syphilis Open Classroom Reveals the Dangers and History of the Disease – Student Life (studlife.com)Links to an external site.
What is the “Tuskegee Effect”?
The Tuskegee effect is the spread of an infection that has more of an effect on people of color. This was a trial done among men without their knowledge to treat syphilis.
What did you learn from this article about how the “Tuskegee Effect” is influencing health care now?
In this article, I learned more about the history of syphilis and the back story which goes back to the Tuskegee Effect. The article talks about the rising rate of syphilis which has a bigger effect on people of color. The Tuskegee effect is influencing health care now as it is helping not to repeat the mistake of not allowing treatment to patients with syphilis. Now people with syphilis can get the treatment that they need to help fight against the illness.
In your opinion, how can the health care community reverse the “Tuskegee Effect”?
I think the healthcare community can reverse the Tuskegee Effect by performing clinical trials on patients to help get a step closer to finding a cure. I feel that more steps taken to fight against syphilis will help in reversing the effect. I also feel that the community needs to take the case as an example and make sure to not repeat this case.
ALEXANDRA H.
1. Could this type of research be conducted today?
I don’t think this type of research could be publicly conducted today. Of course there are always those who will try to do things under the table, but for the most part, there are restrictions in place to prevent something as unethical as the Tuskegee Study from happening again today.
2. Taking into account inflation over a period of thirty years, the settlement of $37,500 would now be around $150,000; the $16,000 settlement would now be $75,000; the $15,000 would be $60,000; and, the $5,000 settlement would be $20,000. Was this a fair settlement? Why or why not?
I don’t think this was a fair settlement. For those men that passed away, they may have been the sole breadwinners for their families, and without them their families could have suffered greatly without them, not considering all the emotional distress from losing a husband and father. This is similar even for those who were infected and survived, since their symptoms could have hindered them in their daily jobs and lives. Money helps, but in the end, the amounts settled for are not enough to replace a life lost or ruined.
3. What should the public have done, since they knew about the study?
Although the public is limited from direct involvement, they have the power of public opinion. They could have put more pressure on researchers to end the experiment and put more pressure for full transparency.
4. Many scientists believe that using data from this type of experiment indirectly condones the experiments. Others believe that the suffering should not be in vain and, thus, be used for the good of others. In your opinion, how should the data be used that is obtained from an unethical experiment and how can we prevent this from happening again?
I agree with the second opinion that the suffering of the subjects should not be in vain. Useful information was still collected and led to a treatment, despite the incredibly unethical conditions. It should still be noted that the information was gathered from an unethical source. We can prevent this from happening again by being aware of past studies and by being aware of and respectful of guidelines set in place.
“Tuskegee Effect”
1. What is the source of the article you found?
https://apnews.com/article/tuskegee-study-ap-story-investigation-syphilis-53403657e77d76f52df6c2e2892788c9
2. What is the “Tuskegee Effect”?
From the article, I gathered that the “Tuskegee Effect” is the distrust of some African Americans of the healthcare system and “unwillingness to participate in medical research.”
3. What did you learn from this article about how the “Tuskegee Effect” is influencing health care now?
I learned that racial inequities are still affecting healthcare now. Past and continuing mistreatment of marginalized groups in healthcare has created a huge mistrust amongst African Americans. Unfortunately, racism is still rooted in many important parts of our society, including healthcare. This leads to fear and distrust.
4. In your opinion, how can the health care community reverse the “Tuskegee Effect”?
In my opinion, it would be very difficult and take a long time for the healthcare community to reverse the “Tuskegee Effect.” The healthcare community needs to rebuild the trust of the people from the ground up, and it would have to start with addressing racial biases that are causing people of color to receive inequitable treatment, and dismantling them.
AND THIS IS MY STUDY RESEARCH FROM PREPMYPAPPER
“Tuskegee Syphilis Research Study ”
1. Could this type of research be conducted today? Why or why not?
No, because there are now strict ethical guidelines and laws controlling research involving human beings, this study is unacceptable for moral reasons. Taking therapy from volunteers for the sake of research is seen as an obvious breach of ethical standards, and informed consent is now an essential requirement. Institutional Review Boards are responsible for monitoring research adherence to ethical standards. Research involving human subjects is required to prioritize the individuals’ well-being and gain informed permission.
2. Taking into account inflation over a period of thirty years, the settlement of $37,500 would now be around $150,000; the $16,000 settlement would now be $75,000; the $15,000 would be $60,000; and the $5,000 settlement would be $20,000. Was this a fair settlement? Why or why not?
The payments were unfair, considering the seriousness of the violations of ethics and the participants’ extensive suffering. Even after accounting for inflation, financial losses are inadequate to compensate for the damage. Although the money received as settlement acknowledges the crime, it is insufficient to compensate for the years of physical and psychological suffering endured by the participants and their families. The compensation is insufficient actually to put things right.
3. What should the public have done, since they knew about the study?
When the public learned of the Tuskegee Syphilis Study, they ought to have acted quickly to spread the word, voice their anger, and insist on the end of the immoral study. The community, medical experts, and advocacy organizations should have pressured the authorities to stop the research and ensure everyone involved was held accountable. Collective action and public protest may have been essential in ending the injustice sooner.
4. Many scientists believe that using data from this type of experiment indirectly condones the experiments. Others believe that the suffering should not be in vain and, thus, be used for the good of others. In your opinion, how should the data be used that is obtained from an unethical experiment and how can we prevent this from happening again?
There are severe ethical difficulties with employing data from unethical research. Ethics must come first, even when others contend that the suffering should not be in vain. It could be okay to utilize the data if it benefits society without endangering it. However, there is a need to look at every circumstance separately and follow rigorous ethical oversight needs. Public awareness, truthful reporting, and robust ethical review processes are essential to preventing such incidents in the future. To keep them accountable, they need the public’s attention, and for researchers, institutions, and regulatory agencies, ethics must come first.
Recent News Story
1.What is the source of the article you found?
https://www.washingtonpost.com/health/2023/11/05/tuskegee-syphilis-study-documents-digitized/
2.What is the “Tuskegee Effect”?
According to Blakemore (2023), the legacy of the Tuskegee Syphilis Study is known as the Tuskegee Effect. The United States Public Health Service conducted the 40-year Tuskegee Effect trial from 1932 to 1972. The Tuskegee study, conducted in Tuskegee, Alabama, tracked 600 underprivileged Black males. They were not given medication to treat syphilis, nor were they made aware of the discovery of penicillin, the treatment. Because of the unethical study, the Black community came to distrust biomedical research and healthcare systems strongly.
3.What did you learn from this article about how the “Tuskegee Effect” is influencing health care now?
The Tuskegee Effect, a result of the Tuskegee Research, continues to influence healthcare today. One clear distinction is the digitization of more than 3,000 research-related publications by the National Library of Medicine. The fact that these documents are now available online promotes transparency. Preventing unethical activities from happening again and increasing faith in contemporary biomedical research are the major aims (Blakemore, 2023). By making this data accessible to the public, the hope is that the lessons learned from the Tuskegee research will be applied to current healthcare decisions. Having access to this information will facilitate moral decision-making in modern medical practices. This transparency uses prior information to inform and enhance present-day medical decisions.
4.In your opinion, how can the health care community reverse the “Tuskegee Effect”?
The healthcare community must take specific actions to undo and restore public trust in the medical profession. First and foremost, healthcare institutions should focus on being transparent and honest about their operations. Giving patients complete information about any research or medical treatment is part of being honest and open with them. Also, establish clear regulations to guarantee responsibility and deter unethical behavior. These actions, which promote transparency and guarantee accountability, are intended to rebuild trust in the healthcare sector.