Which of the four kinds of positivistic theories discussed in this chapter do yo

Which of the four kinds of positivistic theories discussed in this chapter do yo

Which of the four kinds of positivistic theories discussed in this chapter do you think would be most useful in explaining either of the following, and why? (Feel free to discuss the relevance of more than one of the theories.)
A mass shooting event like the 2016 gay night club shooting in Orlando, Florida, that killed nearly fifty people; or college-student binge drinking